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|magnitude=7.8 Mw〔 or 8.1 Ms |intensity=IX (''Violent'')〔 |tsunami= |aftershocks=7.3 Mw on 12 May at 12:51 6.7 Mw on 26 April at 12:54〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=M6.7 - 17km S of Kodari, Nepal )〕 417 aftershocks of 4 Mw and above as of 25 Nov 2015 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Aftershocks of Gorkha Earthquake )〕 |depth=〔 |location=〔 |type=Thrust〔 |countries affected= |casualties=8,857 dead in Nepal (officially) and 8,964 in total 21,952 injured (officially)〔 |damage=≈$5 billion (about 25% of GDP)〔(Insurance in Asia: Narrow-minded ), economist.com.〕 |-}} The April 2015 Nepal earthquake (Nepali: विसं २०७२ को महाभूकम्प) (also known as the Gorkha earthquake)〔 killed over 9,000 people and injured more than 23,000. It occurred at on 25 April, with a magnitude of 7.8Mw〔 or 8.1Ms〔 and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of IX (''Violent''). Its epicenter was east of the district of Lamjung, and its hypocenter was at a depth of approximately .〔 It was the worst natural disaster to strike Nepal since the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Timeline: Nepal 2015 to 1934, the worst quake disasters in the last 80 years )〕 The earthquake triggered an avalanche on Mount Everest, killing at least 19,〔(nytimes.com 2015-04-27 katmandu-nepal-fear-loss-and-devastation ), nytimes.com; accessed 28 April 2015.〕 making April 25, 2015 the deadliest day on the mountain in history. The earthquake triggered another huge avalanche in the Langtang valley, where 250 people were reported missing.〔 Hundreds of thousands of people were made homeless with entire villages flattened,〔〔〔 across many districts of the country. Centuries-old buildings were destroyed at UNESCO World Heritage sites in the Kathmandu Valley, including some at the Kathmandu Durbar Square, the Patan Durbar Square, the Bhaktapur Durbar Square, the Changu Narayan Temple and the Swayambhunath Stupa. Geophysicists and other experts had warned for decades that Nepal was vulnerable to a deadly earthquake, particularly because of its geology, urbanization, and architecture.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Experts had warned for decades that Nepal was vulnerable to a killer quake )〕 Continued aftershocks occurred throughout Nepal at the intervals of 15–20 minutes, with one shock reaching a magnitude of 6.7 on 26 April at NST.〔 The country also had a continued risk of landslides.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/earth-quake-hit-nepal-at-high-risk-of-landslides-in-coming-weeks )〕 A major aftershock occurred on 12 May 2015 at with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 7.3.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://naturaldisasters.tk/ )〕 The epicenter was near the Chinese border between the capital of Kathmandu and Mt. Everest. More than 200 people were killed and more than 2,500 were injured by this aftershock. ==Earthquake== The earthquake occurred on 25 April 2015 at NST (06:11:26 UTC) at a depth of approximately (which is considered shallow and therefore more damaging than quakes that originate deeper in the ground), with its epicentre approximately east-southeast of Lamjung, Nepal, lasting approximately fifty seconds.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Powerful earthquake hits Nepal )〕 The earthquake was initially reported as 7.5 Mw by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) before it was quickly upgraded to 7.8 Mw. The China Earthquake Networks Center (CENC) reported the earthquake's magnitude to be 8.1 Ms. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) said two powerful quakes were registered in Nepal at 06:11 UTC and 06:45 UTC. The first quake measured 7.8 Mw and its epicenter was identified at a distance of 80 km to the northwest of Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal. Bharatpur was the nearest major city to the main earthquake, from the epicenter. The second earthquake was somewhat less powerful at 6.6 Mw. It occurred east of Kathmandu and its seismic focus lay at a depth of below the earth's surface. Over thirty-eight aftershocks of magnitude 4.5 Mw or greater occurred in the day following the initial earthquake, including the one of magnitude 6.8 Mw.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/#%7B%22feed%22%3A%221day_m25%22%2C%22search%22%3Anull%2C%22listFormat%22%3A%22default%22%2C%22sort%22%3A%22newest%22%2C%22basemap%22%3A%22grayscale%22%2C%22autoUpdate%22%3Atrue%2C%22restrictListToMap%22%3Atrue%2C%22timeZone%22%3A%22utc%22%2C%22mapposition%22%3A%5B%5B24.666986385216273%2C80.145263671875%5D%2C%5B30.80791068136646%2C91.636962890625%5D%5D%2C%22overlays%22%3A%7B%22plates%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22viewModes%22%3A%7B%22list%22%3Atrue%2C%22map%22%3Atrue%2C%22settings%22%3Afalse%2C%22help%22%3Afalse%7D%7D )〕 According to the USGS, the temblor was caused by a sudden thrust, or release of built-up stress, along the major fault line where the Indian Plate, carrying India, is slowly diving underneath the Eurasian Plate, carrying much of Europe and Asia.〔 Kathmandu, situated on a block of crust approximately 120 km (74 miles) wide and 60 km (37 miles) long, reportedly shifted 3 m (10 ft) to the south in a matter of just 30 seconds. The risk of a large earthquake was well known beforehand. In 2013, in an interview with seismologist Vinod Kumar Gaur, ''The Hindu'' quoted him as saying, "Calculations show that there is sufficient accumulated energy (the Main Frontal Thrust ), now to produce an 8 magnitude earthquake. I cannot say when. It may not happen tomorrow, but it could possibly happen sometime this century, or wait longer to produce a much larger one." According to Brian Tucker, founder of a nonprofit organization devoted to reducing casualties from natural disasters, some government officials had expressed confidence that such an earthquake would not occur again. Tucker recounted a conversation he had had with a government official in the 1990s who said, "We don't have to worry about earthquakes anymore, because we already had an earthquake"; the previous earthquake to which he referred occurred in 1934.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Experts had warned for decades that Nepal was vulnerable to a killer quake )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「April 2015 Nepal earthquake」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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